In this edition of our Guidelines+ Monographs Series, we will be taking a look at Bristol-Myers Squibb’s medication apixaban, brand name Eliquis. Initially approved in 2012, Eliquis is a factor Xa inhibitor, an anticoagulant used to prevent stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and to treat deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

This Guidelines+ Monograph will take a deeper dive into apixaban, as well as outline the current clinical practice guidelines featuring the medication. Please note that this Guidelines+ Monograph for apixaban is current as of July 2024. Consult our clinical guidelines library and/or or medication information look up tool to ensure you are always accessing the most current information.

Without further delay, let’s jump in! 

Medication Overview:

  • Brand name: Eliquis
  • Generic name: apixaban
  • Manufacturer(s): Bristol-Myers Squibb
  • Initial FDA Approval: December 2012

Indications and FDA Approval Details

Indicated ConditionIndicated ForAgeDate Approved
Nonvalvular atrial
fibrillation
The reduction of risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.AdultDecember 2012
Patients who have undergone hip or knee replacement surgeryFor the prophylaxis of DVT, which may lead to PEAdultMarch 2014
Treatment of DVT and PEFor the treatment of DVT and PE, and for the reduction in the risk of recurrent DVT and PE following initial therapyAdultAugust 2014

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Dosage FormStrength
Round tablet, with a pale yellow color2.5 mg
Oval tablet, with a pale orange or pink color5 mg

Warnings and Precautions

  • ELIQUIS can cause serious, potentially fatal, bleeding. Promptly evaluate signs and symptoms of blood loss. An agent to reverse the anti-factor Xa activity of apixaban is available. 
  • Prosthetic heart valves: ELIQUIS use not recommended. 
  • Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Triple Positive Antiphospholipid Syndrome: ELIQUIS use not recommended. 

Adverse Reactions

Most common adverse reactions:

  • Increased Risk of Thrombotic Events After Premature Discontinuation
  • Bleeding
  • Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia or Puncture

Now that we’ve covered the basic monograph information for apixaban, let’s take a closer look at how Eliquis is currently recommended in various clinical practice guidelines. We will categorize the list based on year, and then provide a general summary table at the end.

Specific Inclusions of Apixaban in Clinical Guidelines

  • Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
    • Authoring Society: American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, Heart Rhythm Society, American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACC/AHA/HRS/ACCP)
    • Publication Date: November 2023
    • Apixaban-Related Recommendation(s): DOAC’s including apixaban are currently recommended as the first-line therapy over warfarin in patients with AF (except moderate to severe mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valve recipients) in this guideline.
  • Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients with Cancer
    • Authoring Society: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    • Publication Date: April 2023
    • Apixaban-Related Recommendation(s): Apixaban was added as an option for extended pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis after cancer surgery, with a weak strength of recommendation. Apixaban was also added as an option for the treatment of VTE, with high quality of evidence and a strong recommendation.
  • Treatment and Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer Including Patients with COVID-19
    • Authoring Society: International Initiative on Thrombosis and Cancer (IITC)
    • Publication Date: July 2022
    • Apixaban-Related Recommendation(s): For patients who do not have a high risk of gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding, rivaroxaban or apixaban (in the first 10 days), or edoxaban (started after at least 5 days of parenteral anticoagulation) can also be used for the initial treatment of established VTE in patients with cancer when creatinine clearance is ≥30 mL/min (grade 1A). Direct oral anticoagulants (edoxaban, rivaroxaban, or apixaban) are recommended for patients with cancer when creatinine clearance is ≥30 mL/min in the absence of strong drug–drug interactions or gastrointestinal absorption impairment (grade 1A). The recommendation for direct oral anticoagulants, including apixaban, is upgraded from 1B to 1A. 
  • Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation
    • Authoring Society: American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST)
    • Publication Date: August 2018
    • Apixaban-Related Recommendation(s): Apixaban is recommended as one of the preferred oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
  • Pharmacologic Management of Newly Detected Atrial Fibrillation
    • Authoring Society: American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
    • Publication Date: April 2017
    • Apixaban-Related Recommendation(s): “The AAFP strongly recommends that patients who have atrial fibrillation receive chronic anticoagulation unless they are at low risk of stroke (CHADS2<2) or have specific contraindications (strong recommendation, high-quality evidence). Choice of anticoagulation therapy should be based on patient preferences and patient history. Options for anticoagulation therapy may include warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban.

Summary Table Apixaban in Clinical Guidelines

TopicSocietyTitlePub DateApixaban Included?Recs
Atrial Fibrillation,
DVT/PE
ISTHAnticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Atrial
Fibrillation and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
and Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis
May 2024YesThey suggest the use of either DOAC (including apixaban) or LMWH with/without VKA
for patients with Child–Pugh A or B cirrhosis
Atrial FibrillationACC/AHA, ACCP/HRSManagement of Patients with Atrial FibrillationNovember 2023YesDOAC’s including apixaban are currently recommended as the first-line therapy over warfarin in patients with AF (exceptmoderate to severe mitral stenosis or mechanical heartvalve recipients) in this guideline.
DVTASCOVenous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment
in Patients with Cancer
April 2023YesApixaban was added as an option for extended pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis after cancer surgery, with a weak strength of recommendation. Apixaban was also added as an option for the treatment of VTE, with high quality of evidence and a strong recommendation.
DVTITACTreatment and Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in
Patients with Cancer Including Patients with COVID-19
July 2022YesFor patients who do not have a high risk of gastrointestinal or genitourinary bleeding, rivaroxaban or apixaban (in the first 10 days), or edoxaban (started after at least 5 days of parenteral anticoagulation) can also be used for the initial treatment of established VTE in patients with cancer when creatinine clearance is ≥30 mL/min (grade 1A).
DVT/PEASHManagement of Venous Thromboembolism: Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary EmbolismOctober 2020YesApixaban is recommended for the treatment of acute DVT and PE.
Atrial FibrillationCHESTAntithrombotic Therapy for Atrial FibrillationAugust 2018YesApixaban is recommended as one of the preferred oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Atrial FibrillationAAFPPharmacologic Management of Newly
Detected Atrial Fibrillation
April 2017YesThe AAFP strongly recommends that patients who have atrial fibrillation receive chronic anticoagulation unless
they are at low risk of stroke (CHADS2
<2) or have specific contraindications (strong recommendation, high-quality
evidence)..

This concludes our Guidelines+ Monographs for Apixaban (Eliquis). This list is current as of July 2024 and may be updated over time as new indications are approved and/or new guidelines published or updated. Sign up for alerts and stay informed on the latest published guidelines and articles.


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