Tuberculosis Diagnosis Adults and Children
Key Points
Key Points
Transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted from person to person via the airborne route. Several factors determine the probability of Mtb transmission:
- Infectiousness of the source patient: A positive sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or a cavity on chest radiograph are strongly associated with infectiousness.
- Host susceptibility of the contact.
- Duration of exposure of the contact to the source patient.
- The environment in which the exposure takes place. A small, poorly ventilated space provides the highest risk.
- Infectiousness of the Mtb strain.
- Those who are household contacts and are exposed to patients who are smear positive have higher rates of both infection and disease.
- Medical procedures that generate aerosols of respiratory secretions, such as sputum induction and bronchoscopy, entail significant risk for Mtb transmission unless proper precautions are taken.
Diagnosis
...iagnosis...
...ting for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)...
...panel recommends performing an interferon-γ...
The panel suggests performing an IGR...
...ts performing an IGRA instead of a TST in individ...
...ts a second diagnostic test if the...
...suggests performing a TST rather than an IGR...
...ting for TB Disease...
...anel recommends that acid-fast bacil...
...ggests that both liquid and solid mycobacterial cu...
...suggests performing a diagnostic nucleic acid...
...mends performing rapid molecular drug susceptibi...
...nel suggests mycobacterial culture of respi...
The panel suggests sputum induction...
...anel suggests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, ra...
...ts that postbronchoscopy sputum specimens be col...
...suggests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, rather t...
...anel suggests that cell counts and chemistries...
...ts that adenosine deaminase levels be measured...
...e panel suggests that free IFN-γ levels...
...anel suggests that AFB smear microscopy be perfor...
...commends that mycobacterial cultur...
...panel suggests that NAAT be perfor...
...he panel suggests that histological examinati...
...commends a culture isolate from each mycobact...
...al Laboratory Tests for the Detection of MtbHav...
.... Paradigm for Evaluation of Those w...
.... Summary of Recommendations for Testing for L...