Tuberculosis Diagnosis Adults and Children
Key Points
Key Points
Transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted from person to person via the airborne route. Several factors determine the probability of Mtb transmission:
- Infectiousness of the source patient: A positive sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or a cavity on chest radiograph are strongly associated with infectiousness.
- Host susceptibility of the contact.
- Duration of exposure of the contact to the source patient.
- The environment in which the exposure takes place. A small, poorly ventilated space provides the highest risk.
- Infectiousness of the Mtb strain.
- Those who are household contacts and are exposed to patients who are smear positive have higher rates of both infection and disease.
- Medical procedures that generate aerosols of respiratory secretions, such as sputum induction and bronchoscopy, entail significant risk for Mtb transmission unless proper precautions are taken.
Diagnosis
Diagno...
...or Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LT...
...nel recommends performing an interferon-γ release...
...uggests performing an IGRA rather than a TST...
...panel suggests performing an IGRA instead o...
...uggests a second diagnostic test if the init...
...suggests performing a TST rather th...
...g for TB Disease
...commends that acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear m...
...sts that both liquid and solid mycobac...
...panel suggests performing a diagnostic nucle...
...ommends performing rapid molecular drug susceptibi...
The panel suggests mycobacterial culture o...
...e panel suggests sputum induction rathe...
...anel suggests flexible bronchoscopic samp...
...gests that postbronchoscopy sputum specimens...
...anel suggests flexible bronchoscopic sampli...
...ts that cell counts and chemistries be per...
...l suggests that adenosine deaminase le...
...panel suggests that free IFN-γ levels be m...
The panel suggests that AFB smear microsc...
...panel recommends that mycobacterial cu...
...anel suggests that NAAT be performed, rath...
...uggests that histological examination...
...l recommends a culture isolate from each m...
...sential Laboratory Tests for the Dete...
...radigm for Evaluation of Those with LT...
...ummary of Recommendations for Testing for LTBI...