Pediatric Obesity
Key Points
Key Points
Pediatric obesity has its basis in genetic susceptibilities influenced by a permissive environment starting in utero and extending through childhood and adolescence.
Genetic screening for rare syndromes is indicated only in the presence of specific historical or physical features.
Endocrine etiologies for obesity are rare and usually are accompanied by attenuated growth patterns.
Pediatric comorbidities are common, and long-term health complications often result. Screening for comorbidities of obesity should be applied in a hierarchal, logical manner for early identification before more serious complications result.
The psychological toll of pediatric obesity on the individual and family necessitates screening for mental health issues and counseling as indicated.
The prevention of pediatric obesity by promoting healthful diet, activity, and environment should be a primary goal, since achieving effective, long-lasting results with lifestyle modification once obesity occurs is difficult.
Diagnosis
...iagnosi...
...iagnosing Overweight and Obesit...
...mmends using body mass index (BMI) and the Ce...
...recommends diagnosing a child or adolescent >2 y...
...gests that clinicians take into account that v...
...ts calculating, plotting, and reviewing...
...gests that a child...
...nds against routine laboratory evalua...
...recommends that children or adolescents with...
...commends against measuring insulin con...
...c Obesity Syndromes...
...etic testing in patients with extreme early...
...le 1. Prevalence of Pediatric Overweight and Ob...
...e 2. Screening for Comorbidities of P...
Prevention
...evention...
...that clinicians promote and participate in th...
...ecommends that clinicians prescribe and s...
...hat children and adolescents engage in at least...
...uggests fostering healthy sleep patter...
...ecommends balancing unavoidable technolo...
...suggests that a clinician’s obes...
...hat clinicians assess family function and...
...gests using school-based programs and communit...
...s using comprehensive behavior-changing intervent...
...ds breast-feeding in infants based on numer...
...gure 1. Diagnosis and Management Flowcha...
...netic Obesity Syndromes With and Wit...
Treatment
...reatment
...festyle: General Considerations...
...ends that clinicians prescribe and sup...
...that clinicians prescribe and support healthy eati...
...mmends that clinicians prescribe and...
...t clinicians encourage and support patients to l...
...the health care team identify malada...
...at the health care team probe for and dia...
...the health care team evaluate for...
...s pharmacotherapy for children or adoles...
...recommends against using obesity me...
...hat Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–a...
...ests that clinicians should disconti...
...sts bariatric surgery only under the follo...
...gainst bariatric surgery in preadolescent childr...
...ure 2. Change in Metabolic Outcome Per Unit...
...4. Factors Associated With Prevention...
...le 5. Medications Studied for the Long-Term...
...riatric Surgical Procedures...