Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults

Publication Date: August 1, 2020

Key Points

Key Points

  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) must be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with newly identified interstitial lung disease (ILD).
  • This guideline committee categorized HP into two clinical phenotypes—nonfibrotic and fibrotic HP—and made separate recommendations for each.

For patients with clinical and radiographic manifestations suggestive of nonfibrotic HP (i.e., patients without radiological and/or histopathological evidence of fibrosis), the guideline committee:
  • makes no recommendation or suggestion for or against the use of a questionnaire to identify potential HP inciting agents and sources. Instead, the guideline committee recommends development and validation of a questionnaire.Remark: Pending the availability of a validated questionnaire, the guideline committee advocates that clinicians take a thorough history to identify potential exposures and sources in the patient's environment that are known to be associated with HP.
suggests performing serum IgG testing that targets potential antigens associated with HP. (S, VL)
620
recommends obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for lymphocyte cellular analysis. (C, VL)
620
suggests transbronchial forceps lung biopsy. (S, VL)
620
makes no recommendation or suggestion for or against transbronchial lung cryobiopsy.
suggests surgical lung biopsy only when all other diagnostic testing has not yielded a diagnosis. (S, VL)
620

For patients with clinical and radiographic manifestations suggestive of fibrotic HP (i.e., patients with radiological and/or histopathological evidence of fibrosis), the guideline committee:
  • makes no recommendation or suggestion for or against the use of a questionnaire to identify potential HP inciting agents and sources. Instead, the guideline committee recommends development and validation of a questionnaire.
    Remark: Pending the availability of a validated questionnaire, the guideline committee advocates that clinicians take a thorough history to identify potential exposures and sources in the patient’s environment that are known to be associated with HP.
suggests performing serum IgG testing that targets potential antigens associated with HP. (S, VL)
620
suggests performing serum IgG testing that targets potential antigens associated with HP. (S, VL)
620
makes no recommendation or suggestion for or against transbronchial forceps lung biopsy.
suggests transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. (S, VL)
620
suggests surgical lung biopsy; this recommendation is intended to apply when all other diagnostic testing has not yielded a diagnosis. (S, VL)
620

Diagnosis

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...es of Antigens Known to Cause HPHaving trou...


...commended Chest HRCT Scanning Parame...


...iological Terms for Heterogenous Lung Attenuation...


...4. Chest HRCT Scan Features of the N...


...gure 1. “Typical hypersensitivity...

...rotic typical HP pattern is characterized by (...

...able 5. Chest HRCT Scan Features of the Fi...

...gure 2. Three-density...

...tion computed tomography (A) inspiratory...

.... Histopathological Criteria for the Diagnosis...

...cal Lung biopsy Specimen from a Patient...

...fication photomicrograph showing preservation o...

Figure 4. (A–C) Poorly Formed Granulo...

...igh-magnification photomicrograph illustrat...

...re 5. Photomicrographs of Surgical Lung...

...Scanning magnification view showing multiple...

...e 6. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Diagnosi...

...igure 7. Diagnostic Evaluation of Possible Hyper...