Transplant Referral Timing Guidelines
Adult Leukemias and Myelodysplasia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
• Measurable (also known as minimal residual disease after initial therapy
• CR1 - except favorable risk AML [defined as:t(8;21)(q22;q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1, inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22);CBFB-MYH11, mutated NPM1 without FLT3- ITD, biallelic mutated. Early referral for allogeneic HCT should also be considered any AML patient in CR1 who are 60-years or older; regardless of cytogenetic or genomic information.
• Antecedent hematological disease (e.g., myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS))
• Treatment-related leukemia
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
(ALL) (adult defined as ≥ 40 years)
• Primary induction failure
• Minimal residual disease after initial therapy
• CR1
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
• Refractory cytopenias
• Adverse cytogenetics and molecular features
• Transfusion dependence
• Failure of hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy
• Moderate to severe marrow fibrosis
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
• Disease progression
• Intolerance to TKI therapies
• Accelerated phase
• Blast crisis (myeloid or lymphoid)
• T315l mutation
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)
(including BCR-ABL–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and later stages of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis)
• Poor initial response or at progression
Myelofibrosis (MF)
• DIPSS Intermediate-1 (INT-1) with low platelet counts, refractory, red blood cell transfusion dependent, circulating blast cells > 2%, complex cytogenetics
• High risk driver mutations (ASXL1, EZH2, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, SRSF2, and TP53) or triple negative (lack of a driver mutation such as JAK2, MPL, or CALR) should be considered in decision making
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
• Richter’s transformation
Pediatric Acute Leukemias and Myelodysplasia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
• Age < 2 years at diagnosis
• Primary induction failure
• Minimal residual disease after initial therapy
• CR1 — except favorable risk AML [defined as:t(8;21)(q22;q22.1); RUNX1- RUNX1T1, inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22);CBFB-MYH11, mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD or with FLT3-ITDlow, biallelic mutated CEBPA]
• Monosomy 5 or 7
• Treatment-related leukemia
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (age < 15 years)
• Presence of measurable (also called minimal) residual disease after initial therapy
• High/very high-risk CR1 including:
- iAMP21
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
• Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy (CAR-T)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
(adolescent and young adults age 15-39 years)
• Presence of measurable (also called minimal) residual disease after initial therapy
• High/very high-risk CR1 including:
- iAMP21
- 11q23 rearrangement
- B-cell with poor-risk cytogenetics
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)
Lymphomas
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Follicular
|
Diffuse Large B-Cell
|
High Grade B-Cell
|
Mantle Cell
|
Mature T-cell
|
Other High-Risk Lymphomas
|
Hodgkin Lymphoma
• First relapse
• CR2 or subsequent remission
Other Malignant Diseases
Germ Cell Tumors |
|
Neuroblastoma |
|
Ewing Family of Tumors |
|
Medulloblastoma |
|
Multiple Myeloma
• At first progression
Non-Malignant Disorders
Immune Deficiency Diseases (including severe comgined imunodeficiency syndromes, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Omenn syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, severe congenital neutropenia and others) |
|
Inherited Metabolic Disorders (including Hurler syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and others) |
|
Hemoglobinopathies |
Sickle Cell Disease
|
Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemias
|
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) |
|
Severe Aplastic Anemia and Other Marrow Failure Syndromes |
|
Systemic Sclerosis |
|
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
|
Recommendation Grading
Overview
Title
Transplant Referral Timing Guidelines
Authoring Organization
American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Publication Month/Year
December 31, 2020
Last Updated Month/Year
April 1, 2024
Document Type
Guideline
Country of Publication
US
Intended Users
Nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, physician assistant
Keywords
transplant, timing
Source Citation
National Marrow Donor Program® /Be The Match® and the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT). 2021 CONSULTATION GUIDELINES Recommended Timing for Transplant Consultation. (Jan 2021) National Marrow Donor Program.