Title

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease

Authoring Organization

Endocrine Society

Publication Month/Year

June 3, 2024

Last Updated Month/Year

October 23, 2024

Document Type

Guideline

Country of Publication

US

Document Objectives

To develop clinical guidelines for the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol [vitamin D3] or ergocalciferol [vitamin D2]) to lower the risk of disease in individuals without established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing.

Target Patient Population

Patients who are being considered for vitamin D supplementation

PICO Questions

  1. Should empiric vitamin D supplementation vs no empiric vitamin D supplementation be used for children and adolescents (ages 1 to 18 years)?

  2. Should empiric vitamin D supplementation vs no empiric vitamin D supplementation be used for nonpregnant adults < 50 years of age?

  3. Should vitamin D supplementation vs no vitamin D supplementation be used for nonpregnant adults < 50 years of age only when 25(OH)D levels are below a threshold?

  4. Should empiric vitamin D supplementation vs no empiric vitamin D supplementation be used for adults aged 50 to 74 years?

  5. Should vitamin D supplementation vs no vitamin D supplementation be used for adults aged 50 to 74 years only when 25(OH)D levels are below a threshold?

  6. Should empiric vitamin D supplementation vs no empiric vitamin D supplementation be used by adults aged ≥ 75 years?

  7. Should vitamin D supplementation vs no vitamin D supplementation be used by adults aged ≥ 75 years only when 25(OH)D levels are below a threshold?

  8. Should empiric vitamin D supplementation vs no empiric vitamin D supplementation be used during pregnancy?

  9. Should vitamin D supplementation vs no vitamin D supplementation be used during pregnancy only when 25(OH)D levels are below a threshold?

  10. Should empiric vitamin D supplementation vs no empiric vitamin D supplementation be used for adults with prediabetes (by glycemic criteria)?

  11. Should a daily, lower-dose vitamin D vs nondaily (ie, intermittent), higher-dose vitamin D be used for nonpregnant people for whom vitamin D treatment is indicated?

  12. Should screening with a 25(OH)D test (with vitamin D supplementation/treatment only if below a threshold) vs no screening with a 25(OH)D test be used for healthy adults?

  13. Should screening with a 25(OH)D test (with vitamin D supplementation/treatment only if below a threshold) vs no screening with a 25(OH)D test be used for adults with dark complexion?

  14. hould screening with a 25(OH)D test (with vitamin D supplementation/treatment only if below a threshold) vs no screening with a 25(OH)D test be used for adults with obesity?

Inclusion Criteria

Male, Female, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Older adult

Intended Users

Dietician nutritionist, nurse, nurse midwife, nurse practitioner, physician, physician assistant

Scope

Prevention

Diseases/Conditions (MeSH)

D009765 - Obesity, D003920 - Diabetes Mellitus, D011247 - Pregnancy, D014808 - Vitamin D Deficiency, D011236 - Prediabetic State, D012279 - Rickets

Keywords

obesity, diabetes, diabetes mellitus, vitamin D, pregnancy, prediabetes, Vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, vitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25(OH)D, rickets, respiratory tract infection

Source Citation

Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, et al. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024

Supplemental Methodology Resources

Systematic Review Document

Methodology

Number of Source Documents
285
Literature Search Start Date
February 1, 2022
Literature Search End Date
December 1, 2023