Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Publication Date: September 3, 2018
Last Updated: December 15, 2022

Diagnosis

Table 1. Comparison of ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Recommendations for the Diagnosis of IPF in the 2011 and 2018 Guidelines

BAL cellular analysis

HRCT Pattern of Probable UIP, Indeterminate for UIP, and Alternative Diagnosis:
We suggest performing BAL cellular analysis. (C, )
620
HRCT Pattern of UIP:
We suggest NOT performing BAL cellular analysis. (C, )
620

Surgical lung biopsy

HRCT Pattern of Probable UIP, Indeterminate for UIP, and Alternative Diagnosis:
We suggest performing surgical lung biopsy. (C, )
620
HRCT Pattern of UIP:
We recommend NOT performing surgical lung biopsy. (S, )
620

Transbronchial lung biopsy

HRCT Pattern of Probable UIP, Indeterminate for UIP, and Alternative Diagnosis:
No recommendation for or against (, )
620
HRCT Pattern of UIP:
We recommend NOT performing transbronchial lung biopsy. (S, )
620

Lung cryobiopsy

HRCT Pattern of Probable UIP, Indeterminate for UIP, and Alternative Diagnosis:
No recommendation for or against (, )
620
HRCT Pattern of UIP:
We recommend NOT performing cryobiopsy. (S, )
620

Medical history of medication use and environmental exposures

We recommend taking a detailed history of both medication use and environmental exposures at home, work, and other places the patient frequently visits to exclude potential causes of ILD (motherhood statement). (, )
2011 Guideline: Did Not Distinguish among Patients with Different HRCT Patterns:
Diagnosis of IPF requires exclusion of other known causes of ILD (e.g., domestic and occupational environmental exposures, connective tissue disease, and drug toxicity).
620

Serological testing to exclude connective tissue disease

We recommend serological testing to exclude connective tissue diseases as a potential cause of the ILD (motherhood statement). (, )
2011 Guideline: Did Not Distinguish among Patients with Different HRCT Patterns:
Diagnosis of IPF requires exclusion of other known causes of ILD (e.g., domestic and occupational environmental exposures, connective tissue disease, and drug toxicity).
620

Multidisciplinary discussion

We suggest multidisciplinary discussion for decision-making. (C, )
2011 Guideline: Did Not Distinguish among Patients with Different HRCT Patterns:
We recommend that a multidisciplinary discussion should be used in the evaluation of IPF.
620

Serum biomarkers

We recommend NOT measuring serum MMP-7, SPD, CCL-18, or KL-6 for the purpose of distinguishing IPF from other ILDs. (S, )
2011 Guideline: Did Not Distinguish among Patients with Different HRCT Patterns:
Not addressed
620

Recommendation Grading

Overview

Title

Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Authoring Organizations

American Thoracic Society

European Respiratory Society

Publication Month/Year

September 3, 2018

Last Updated Month/Year

November 7, 2024

Document Type

Guideline

External Publication Status

Published

Country of Publication

US

Target Patient Population

Adult patients with newly detected interstitial lung disease (ILD)

PICO Questions

  1. Should Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF Undergo a Detailed, Prompted History of Medication Use and Environmental Exposures at Home, Work, and Other Places the Patient Frequently Visits to Exclude Potential Causes of the ILD?

  2. Should Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF Undergo Serological Testing to Exclude Exclude CTDs as Potential Causes of the ILD?

  3. Should Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF Undergo Cellular Analysis of Their BAL Fluid?

  4. For Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF, Should SLB Be Performed to Ascertain the Histopathology Diagnosis of UIP Pattern?

  5. For Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF, Is TBBx a Reasonable Alternative to SLB to Ascertain the Histopathology Diagnosis of UIP Pattern?

  6. For Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF, Is Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy a Reasonable Alternative to SLB to Ascertain the Histopathology Diagnosis of UIP Pattern?

  7. Should Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF Be the Subject of MDD for Decision-making?

  8. Should Patients with Newly Detected ILD of Unknown Cause Who Are Clinically Suspected of Having IPF Undergo Serum Biomarker (MMP-7, SPD, CCL-18, KL-6) Measurement for the Purpose of Diagnosis?

Inclusion Criteria

Male, Female, Adult, Older adult

Health Care Settings

Outpatient, Radiology services

Intended Users

Nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, physician assistant

Scope

Diagnosis, Assessment and screening

Keywords

interstitial lung disease, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), IPF, ILD

Supplemental Methodology Resources

Data Supplement