Immune-related Adverse Events from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Key Points
Key Points
- Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many different types of cancers.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) work by preventing the receptors and ligands from binding to each other, thereby disrupting signaling so that T-cells can recognize and attack cancer cells. They are currently the standard of care in the treatment of several cancers, including a variety of solid-organ and hematological malignancies.
- The use of ICPis is rising exponentially, with approximately 40% of patients with cancer in the United States in 2019 eligible for treatment with ICPis.
- Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is associated with a spectrum of side effects that is quite different from other systemic therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy.
- Moderate to severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may be associated with life-threatening declines in organ function and quality of life, and fatal outcomes have been reported.
Key Recommendations
...ey Recommendations
...following are general recommendations th...
...recommended that clinicians manage...
...ecommendations in this guideline are consensus bas...
Treatment
...reatme...
...A2: Immunosuppressive AgentsHaving tr...
...Commonly Conducted Testing at Baseline Pri...
...Commonly Conducted Testing During i...
Table 1. Cutaneous ToxicitiesHaving troub...
.... Gastrointestinal (GI) ToxicitiesHa...
...Lung ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewing table? Exp...
...crine ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewin...
...able 5. Musculoskeletal ToxicitiesHaving tr...
...6. Renal ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewing table...
.... Nervous System ToxicitiesHaving trou...
...matologic ToxicitiesHaving trouble...
...le 9. Cardiovascular ToxicitiesHaving tro...
...ble 10. Ocular ToxicitiesHaving tr...