Combined Hormonal Contraception And The Risk Of Venous Thromboembolism

Publication Date: January 1, 2017
Last Updated: March 14, 2022

Summary

High-dose combined oral contraception (>50 μg) is associated with higher risks of VTE than lower-dose formulations. (, B)
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Evidence is conflicting whether preparations of COC with 50 μg EE have a higher risk of thrombosis compared with sub-50 μg EE formulations, although several large studies have seen an increased risk of VTE in 50 μg EE COCs. (, B)
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There is no reliable evidence that EE doses lower than 35 μg have less VTE risk than 35 μg formulations. (, B)
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There is fair evidence that preparations of COCs with drospirenone or third-generation progestins have only a slightly higher risk of VTE compared with those containing norethindrone or levonorgestrel. (, B)
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There is insufficient evidence that the contraceptive patch or contraceptive vaginal ring has a different risk of VTE compared with COCs. (, C)
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There is fair evidence that tobacco use, age (>35 years), obesity, hypertension, and the presence of hereditary thrombophilias (including factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation and protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency) increase the risk of thrombotic events in the setting of CHC use. (, B)
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Recommendation

In the patient in whom combined hormonal contraception is appropriate, it is reasonable to use any currently available preparation. (, )
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Recommendation Grading

Overview

Title

Combined Hormonal Contraception And The Risk Of Venous Thromboembolism

Authoring Organization

American Society for Reproductive Medicine

Publication Month/Year

January 1, 2017

Last Updated Month/Year

January 16, 2024

Supplemental Implementation Tools

Document Type

Guideline

External Publication Status

Published

Country of Publication

US

Document Objectives

While venous thromboembolism (VTE) is rare in young women of reproductive age, combined oral contraceptives increase the risk of VTE. In the patient in whom combined hormonal contraception is appropriate, it is reasonable to use any currently available preparation.

Target Patient Population

Patients on hormonal contraception

Inclusion Criteria

Female, Adult

Health Care Settings

Ambulatory, Outpatient

Intended Users

Nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, physician assistant

Scope

Assessment and screening, Management

Diseases/Conditions (MeSH)

D054556 - Venous Thromboembolism, D020246 - Venous Thrombosis, D000080066 - Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal, D003271 - Contraceptive Agents, Female

Keywords

oral contraceptive, hormonal therapy, Venous Thromboembolism

Methodology

Number of Source Documents
91
Literature Search Start Date
February 1, 2015
Literature Search End Date
June 1, 2015